Califonia became a state in 1850 when its population had risen to 60,000. It was entitled to 1 Congressman and two senators. The number of senators was permanently fixed, but, the numer of representatives would reapportioned every ten years according to the census.
According to the principle proportional representation when the population of a state doubled it would be entitled to twice as many representatives,.
California has a population that is 650 times greater today than it was in 1850, and if the people were as well represnted today as well as thet were in 1850 California would have 650 Congressional Districts.
Article I Section 2 Clause 3 reads as follows:The number of representatives shall not exceed 1 for every 30,000 inhabitants. The intent of the founders was not to limit the number of representatives, it was to limit the size of Congressional Districts to be no greater tham 30,000